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N+One

Core Cycling Science & Training

Evidence-based training principles, physiological science, and proven methodologies for cycling performance.

Topic Areas

Training Zones & Intensity
Power zones, heart rate training, RPE scales, and intensity management

5 articles coming soon

Power-Based Training
FTP, critical power, power profiles, and wattage-based programming

4 articles coming soon

Periodization & Planning
Base, build, peak phases, tapering, and season planning

6 articles coming soon

VO2max & Threshold Training
High-intensity intervals, threshold work, and aerobic capacity development

4 articles coming soon

Endurance Physiology
Aerobic system, lactate metabolism, mitochondrial adaptation, and efficiency

5 articles coming soon

Articles

Intermediate
Adaptive Training Plans: The Science That Boosts Cycling Performance
Learn how adaptive training plans use data-driven training and recovery optimization to improve cycling performance with personalized coaching.
January 28, 2026
8 min read

Why Cycling Science Matters

Understanding the science behind cycling training is crucial for making informed decisions about your training program. Whether you're a beginner looking to improve your fitness or an experienced cyclist targeting specific events, evidence-based training principles help you maximize adaptation while minimizing the risk of overtraining.

Key Training Principles

  • •Specificity: Training adaptations are specific to the demands you place on your body
  • •Progressive Overload: Gradual increases in training stress drive adaptation
  • •Recovery: Adaptation happens during rest, not during the workout itself
  • •Individualization: What works for one athlete may not work for another

Power-Based Training Revolution

Power meters have revolutionized cycling training by providing objective, real-time feedback on your effort. Unlike heart rate, which can be influenced by fatigue, stress, caffeine, and environmental factors, power output represents the actual work you're doing on the bike. This makes it the gold standard for structured training.

Beginner
Nutrition While Riding: Fueling Intensive & Recovery Rides
Practical, science-based strategies for nutrition while riding to boost performance and recovery on intensive and recovery rides.
January 25, 2026
5 min read
Intermediate
Cycling Power Zones: Train Smarter with Power
Master cycling power zones to tailor power meter training, boost cycling performance, and optimize training intensity for endurance cycling.
January 22, 2026
8 min read
Intermediate
Winter Cycling Training: Stay Motivated Indoors with Zwift & Gear
Winter cycling training made simple: use Zwift, smart gear, and science-based plans to stay fit and motivated indoors all season.
January 18, 2026
8 min read
Intermediate
Mastering Cycling Heart Rate Zones
Master cycling heart rate zones to optimize training, recovery, and race performance with science-based heart rate training guidance.
January 17, 2026
8 min read
Intermediate
Best practices for power meters: Sprinting with Precision
Best practices for power meters. Ensure your meter captures true 1,000W+ sprint peaks with high-torque accuracy through maintenance and correct settings.
January 15, 2026
10 min read
Intermediate
Power meter precision: Defeating drift on long rides
Power meter precision. Practical tips to stop power meter drift on long Zone 2 rides—temperature compensation, crank bolt torque, and battery maintenance.
January 15, 2026
9 min read
Intermediate
Power meter calibration: Foundation of Accurate FTP
Power meter calibration keeps your FTP honest—learn zero-offset steps, testing protocol, and fixes so n+1 AI coaching trusts your data.
January 15, 2026
8 min read
Intermediate
Understanding FTP: The Foundation of Power-Based Training
Discover how understanding FTP can transform your cycling training.
December 2, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Zone 2 Endurance Training: How Easy Miles Build Your Aerobic Foundation
Discover why 'train slow to go fast' is crucial for cycling success.
November 29, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Sprint Power Training: Developing Explosive Anaerobic Capacity for Cyclists
Enhance your cycling with sprint training to improve neuromuscular power and anaerobic capacity. Unlock explosive power for sprints and climbs.
November 29, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Why Your Cycling Progress Has Slowed Down
Discover why cycling progress slows and how to overcome it.
November 29, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Training Across the Menstrual Cycle: Optimizing Performance for Female Cyclists
Learn how hormonal changes impact female cyclists' training and performance. Optimize your cycling program for better results.
November 29, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Training for Masters Cyclists: Age-Adapted Strategies for 40+ Athletes
Discover how masters cyclists over 40 can maintain fitness with strategic training adaptations. Age is just a number when it comes to cycling performance.
November 29, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Power Profile Analysis: Discover Your Strengths as a Sprinter, Climber, or Time Trialist
Discover expert tips to boost your cycling endurance and performance.
November 3, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Understanding Lactate Threshold and Functional Reserve
Discover why lactate threshold is crucial for endurance over VO2max.
November 3, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Polarized vs. Pyramidal Training: Finding Your Optimal Intensity Distribution
Discover effective training intensity distribution for advanced cyclists and coaches. Boost performance today.
November 3, 2025
8 min read
Advanced
Sweet Spot Training: Maximum Gain for Sustainable Pain
Sweet spot training (88-94% FTP) offers high stimulus with sustainable fatigue, ideal for time-crunched cyclists.
November 1, 2025
18 min read
Intermediate
VO2max Training Cycling: Boost Your Aerobic Ceiling
Unlock your aerobic potential with VO2max training cycling. Learn how to enhance performance through science-driven intervals.
October 19, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
Cycling Periodization: Master Your Training Year
Master cycling periodization to peak at events. Learn to structure your training year for maximum performance gains.
October 18, 2025
8 min read
Intermediate
FTP Test Cycling: Measure Your Power Accurately
Learn how to run reliable FTP tests, compare 20-minute, ramp and critical-power protocols, and validate your functional threshold power with expert tips on preparation, calibration, and pacing.
October 17, 2025
6 min read
Beginner
Mastering Cycling Training Zones for Optimal Performance
Understand cycling training zones to train smarter. Learn to use power, heart rate, and RPE for structured workouts.
October 17, 2025
4 min read