FTP is a snapshot. Durability is the real story.

Episode #181 of the SCYENCE Podcast profiles Jonas Abrahamsen (Uno‑X Mobility) and delivers a decisive lesson: elite performance is a system, not a string of heroic one-off efforts. FTP tells you where you can sit on the curve; durability tells you how you perform after hours of accumulated stress.

Below we translate the pro approach into practical, science‑backed guidance you can use in your next block. The emphasis is simple: build the base, place intensity with intent, fuel the machine, and adapt in real time so you never label a session as “failed.”

Key patterns from Abrahamsen’s training

High aerobic volume at controlled intensity — most “easy” miles are still meaningful power.
- Pro-level Zone 2 rides deliver sustained stimulus that many age-group riders underestimate. That long, sub‑threshold work expands mitochondrial density and capillaries, raising the baseline that lets you repeat hard efforts later.
Precisely placed high‑intensity blocks to mimic race stress.
- Short, well‑timed VO2max, threshold, or sprint blocks produce neural and metabolic signalling without wrecking the aerobic base.
Fatigue resistance prioritized over fresh peak watts.
- In long races, the decisive metric is not a single 20‑minute power but the power you can produce repeatedly after 4–6 hours.
Race‑specific simulations: breakaways, stage efforts, and classics patterns are practiced in training.
- Specificity means training the duration, cadence, intensity, and recovery pattern you’ll face in competition.
Recovery‑informed adjustments: HRV, supercompensation, and context‑aware TSS steer daily load decisions.
- Progress = planned stress + measured recovery. Data tells you when to push and when to hold.

Why FTP is only a snapshot

Functional Threshold Power (FTP) is a clean, repeatable reference that helps set training zones and targets. It remains useful — but it is a single point on a power–duration curve. Treating FTP as the endgame misses the physiological realities of endurance racing.

Common limitations when FTP becomes the whole story:

It ignores repeatability. Durability is the ability to reproduce high‑quality efforts with limited recovery.
It devalues sub‑threshold volume. Aerobic economy and fuel efficiency are built in long, controlled rides that aren’t dramatic but are decisive.
It doesn’t capture late‑race neuromuscular drift, dehydration, or glycogen‑management skills that determine outcomes after hours.

For practical guidance on using FTP properly, see Understanding FTP: The Foundation of Power‑Based Training.

What durability actually means

Durability is the capacity to sustain useful performance as fatigue accumulates. It is multidimensional — aerobic economy, muscular endurance, thermoregulation, fueling strategy, and recovery capacity all matter.

Durability looks like:

Holding a high percentage of FTP after 3–6 hours of riding.
Repeating climbs, surges, or attacks with minimal decay across successive efforts.
Preserving neuromuscular sharpness when glycogen is low and the body is tired.

Useful measures of durability include power–duration curves across multiple time spans, repeatability tests (how much power drops between repeated efforts), trends in HRV and RPE, and the gap between normalized power and actual power during long rides.

For background on endurance physiology underpinning durability, see Understanding Lactate Threshold and Functional Reserve.

How to train for durability (practical, science‑based steps)

1. Build a large, controlled aerobic base (Zone 2)

Train slow to go fast. Consistent Zone 2 volume grows mitochondrial density, improves fat oxidation, and shifts your power–duration profile upward. These rides feel easy but change the physiological foundations that let you deliver steady power late in a race.

Practical tip: prioritize long, continuous blocks of 2–5 hours where your effort sits comfortably below threshold and your breathing and cadence remain steady. See Zone 2 Endurance Training: How Easy Miles Build Your Aerobic Foundation.

2. Place high‑intensity blocks strategically

Intensity is a scalpel, not a sledgehammer. Schedule short, focused blocks of VO2max, threshold repeats, or sprint work when you have sufficient recovery accumulated; avoid stacking heavy intensity onto an exhausted aerobic base.

Practical tip: use 1–3 week intensity blocks with clear objectives (e.g., raise VO2max, extend threshold repeatability) followed by a recovery microcycle.

3. Practice race simulations

Durability is task‑specific. If you race long classics or stage races, train those patterns: long tempo blocks interspersed with short, explosive surges and variable recovery windows.

Practical tip: a 4‑hour ride with 3×20–40 minute tempo blocks and repeated 8–12 surges of 15–30s will train the pattern of heavy legs plus fast finishes.

4. Use sweet spot for time‑efficient durability

For riders with limited hours, sweet spot work (≈88–94% FTP) provides high stimulus with manageable fatigue. When programmed correctly, it improves both sustained threshold and the capacity to repeat efforts.

Practical tip: 2–3 sweet spot intervals of 20–30 minutes within a longer ride produce strong adaptations while preserving recovery.

See Sweet Spot Training: Maximum Gain for Sustainable Pain.

5. Prioritise fueling, hydration, and recovery hygiene

Durability is half physiology and half fuelling strategy. Practice race fueling in training so gut, pacing, and carbohydrate delivery are automatic under stress.

Practical tip: during multi‑hour efforts practice your intended race nutrition — solid food, gels, and bottles — and aim to find a carbohydrate rate that your stomach tolerates for long durations (many athletes target 60–90 g/hr depending on race length and individual tolerance).

For specific protocols, see Nutrition While Riding: Fueling Intensive & Recovery Rides and Post‑Workout Nutrition.

6. Strength work and neuromuscular durability

A modest, targeted strength program supports sustained power and reduces fatigue‑related technique loss. Heavy, low‑rep lifts combined with single‑leg stability work preserve muscle recruitment patterns under load.

Practical tip: 1–2 short gym sessions per week that prioritise hip extension, core stability, and single‑leg strength complement on‑bike work.

See Maximize Performance with Cycling Strength Training.

Measuring progress: metrics that matter

If FTP is a snapshot, your dashboard for durability should be a movie — look at trends, not single tests.

Power–duration curve: track improvements across many durations, not just the 20‑minute marker.
Repeatability tests: measure power decay across back‑to‑back efforts with short recovery windows.
Training load balance (CTL, ATL, TSB): steady chronic load with sensible acute spikes builds robustness. The math matters — CTL + ATL = TSB — and N+One interprets load in context.
HRV and training readiness: use physiological readiness to decide whether to prioritise intensity or recovery on any given day.

For primer on the load math and daily readiness, see Understanding Training Load: How CTL, ATL, and TSB Guide Your Training Progression and Training Readiness: Optimize Your Performance.

A sample durable week (illustrative block)

This template is a starting point. N+One will adapt it in real time to your sleep, HRV, and recent load.

Monday: Recovery or off — easy spin 60–90m, <55% FTP
Tuesday: Sweet spot intervals — 3×20m @ 88–92% FTP, 10m easy between
Wednesday: Long aerobic ride — 3–4 hours Zone 2
Thursday: VO2max — 6×3m @ 110–120% FTP (or 3×5m @ VO2 if preferred), full recoveries
Friday: Active recovery or short strength session — 45–60m easy + gym work
Saturday: Race simulation — 4h with repeated 15–30m tempo blocks + 10×30s hard surges
Sunday: Long endurance ride — 4–6h, prioritise pacing and nutrition

Key point: the session stays valuable only if it matches your readiness. The right next session is the one that preserves long‑term progress — that’s where adaptive planning matters.

The N+One advantage: adapt in real time

A good plan is honest; a great plan re‑calculates when life happens. N+One's Adaptive Intelligence Layer reads your recent load, sleep, HRV, and ride history, then recommends the session that delivers stimulus without unnecessary fatigue.

Why that matters for durability:

No failed workouts: miss a session or sleep poorly and the plan re‑optimizes so training balance is preserved.
Contextualised TSS: stress is interpreted relative to your chronic load and recovery, not as an isolated number.
Readiness‑driven intensity: interval targets adapt to physiology so you get stimulus when you can adapt.

Learn how the coach works in How N+One AI Cycling Coach Works and read about adaptive training in Adaptive Training Plans: Real‑Time Adjustments for Cyclists.

Measuring the return: what to expect over months

Durability shows up subtly and then decisively:

Higher sustained power in 2–6 hour efforts.
Smaller percentage drops across repeated hard efforts.
Improved late‑race positioning and the ability to sprint or climb after long days.
Fewer training interruptions due to overreach when training is adaptively managed.

If your FTP edges up modestly but you can ride 20–30 W higher after 4 hours, you’ve achieved the real win.

The right next session

Pros don’t chase ego in the saddle. They design stress with precision, monitor recovery with intelligence, and prioritise repeatability over flash. Durability is quiet and decisive.

Before every session:

Check your training readiness score.
Trust the adaptive recommendation — it’s designed to preserve long‑term progress.
Execute with intentional pacing and practiced fueling — outcomes beat agony.

The next session is the most important one. Make it count.